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Choroid plexus volume as a proxy of neuroinflammation in depression
- B. Bravi, E. Melloni, L. Servidio, E. Agnoletto, M. Paolini, S. Poletti, C. Lorenzi, C. Colombo, F. Benedetti
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S244-S245
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- Article
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Introduction
Choroid plexus (CP) is a physiological barrier, producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neurotrophic, and inflammatory factors. It’s also involved in the neuro-immune axis, facilitating the interplay between central and peripheral inflammation, allowing trafficking of immune cells. Coherently, CP enlargement has been found in psychiatric diseases characterized by inflammatory signature. Although CP volume correlates with central microglia activation in major depressive disorder (MDD), it’s never been directly associated with peripheral markers in mood disorders.
ObjectivesExamine CP volume in mood disorders and healthy controls (HC) in relation to clinical features and peripheral inflammatory markers.
MethodsCP volume was extracted with FreeSurfer in 72 HC and 152 age- and sex-matched depressed patients: 79 BD and 73 MDD. Plasma analytes in patients were collected through immunoassay technology (Bioplex). We tested for the effect of age by group on CP volume. Then we focused on the interaction between illness duration and diagnosis in predicting CP volume. After testing the effect of specific analytes by diagnosis, we calculated moderated moderation models (SPSS, PROCESS) setting each analyte as independent variable, CP volume as predicted variable and illness duration and diagnosis as moderators. We get the effects’ significance with the likelihood ratio statistic, always controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume.
ResultsPatients were comparable in illness duration and severity. CP volume is differentially distributed through groups (right: p=0.04; left: p<0.01), with higher volumes in the clinical groups. Age by group significantly predict right CP volume (p=0.01). Also, duration of illness differently predicts right CP volume in MDD and BD (p=0.03) (Figure1). Then, given the significant interaction effect of IL13 (p=0.02) and IL1ra (p=0.01) in predicting right CP, we run the moderated moderation model. Longer illness duration has an effect in strengthening the opposite predicting value of IL1ra (ΔR2=0.03, p<0.01) on right CP volume in MDD and BD (Figure2).
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ConclusionsOur findings propose CP as a proxy of inflammation in depression, being significantly predicted by peripheral immune markers in MDD and BD. In particular, the signature of inflammation in depression, could represent the neurotoxic load of the disease over the illness, with a worse effect in BD, with possible disruption of brain barriers permeability and an opposite effect of tightening and central segregation in MDD. Further analyses are needed to better elucidate this neurobiological mechanisms across mood disorders.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Deformed wing virus type a and b in managed honeybee colonies of Argentina
- C. Brasesco, S. Quintana, V. Di Gerónimo, M. L. Genchi García, G. Sguazza, M. E. Bravi, L. Fargnoli, F. J. Reynaldi, M. Eguaras, M. Maggi
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 111 / Issue 1 / February 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 June 2020, pp. 100-110
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Apis mellifera is infected by more than 24 virus species worldwide, mainly positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of the Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae families. Among the viruses that infect honey bees, Deformed wing virus is the most prevalent and is present as three master variants DWV-A, B, and C. Given that the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor vectors these virus variants, recombination events between them are expected, and variants and their recombinants can co-exist in mites and honeybees at the same time. In this study, we detect, through RT-qPCR, the presence of DWV-A and B in the same samples of adult bees from colonies of Argentina. Total RNA was extracted from pools of ten adult bees from 45 apiaries distributed across the main beekeeping Provinces of Argentina (Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Río Negro, and Mendoza); then RT-qPCR reactions were performed to detect DWV-A and B, with specific primer pairs. After the amplifications, PCR products (204 and 660 bp amplicons for DWV-B, and ~250 bp for DWV-A) were purified and sequenced to verify that they corresponded to reported sequences, analyzing them using the Blast software. Of the 45 samples analyzed by RT-qPCR, over 90% were infected with DWV-A and 47% were also positive for DWV-B, where it was found in high prevalence specifically in colonies of A. mellifera of the Buenos Aires Province. Future studies will determine the impact of this type of the virus and its ability to recombine with the other DWV types in the apiaries of our country.